Google must pay a €4.1 billion fine after Europe's top court upheld a European Commission antitrust penalty imposed for using Android to restrict competition. The fine, reduced from an initial €4.3 billion, was confirmed following Google's appeal. The Commission found that Google required device makers to pre‑install its Search app and Chrome and barred them from offering alternative Android versions, thereby limiting rivals. In a statement, Google said the judgment "fails to recognise" its investment in keeping Android open, interoperable and free, and noted that it adjusted its agreements in 2018 to comply while continuing to focus on innovation. The case follows a separate €2.95 billion fine issued in September 2025 for similar competition violations in the online advertising market. The decision marks the largest penalty the Commission has ever imposed on a technology company.